Change and complexity are the two main contributing factors to failure in computer systems. Systems can sustain high levels of change if they are relatively simple and can survive being complex as long as they are relatively stable but the two combined tend to spell disaster. Airlines have inherently and increasingly complex systems and are trying to support ever greater volumes of change in the search for efficiency and competitive advantage. This paper will examine the causes of complexity and the drivers of change currently converging within the airline industry and suggest strategies for identifying and minimising the emergent risk.